｜支援兩岸生產之零組件與半成品之物流營運模式分析

摘要：許多3C及週邊設備產業的廠商在大陸設立製造工廠，並於大陸當地採購生產所需原物料與零組件，然而由於當地供應的原物料與零組件品質參差不齊且交期不易掌控，導致生產排程及成品良率不穩定而影響商機。因此本研究欲透過兩岸分工製程方式，先於台灣製造零組件與半成品，再配送至大陸廠組裝或生產成最終成品，以解決目前生產時所遭遇之瓶頸，並探討國內製造產業進行兩岸製程分工合作時，其支援海外生產之零組件與半成品之物流活動、資訊透通與協同合作之作業模式等。

Abstract: Many 3C (Computer, Communication, Consumer-Electronics) and peripheral manufacturers establish manufacturing plants in China in order to reduce production cost and access China market. These companies ship key components or semi-finished goods made in Taiwan to China for final assembly in order to safeguard design knowledge. However, they often face the challenges of maintaining consistent quality of materials, procuring parts that meet specifications and making on-time deliveries. The objective of this research is to construct improved logistic business and operation models to overcome these challenges. In addition, this research discusses developing information exchange platform to expedite cross-strait collaborative logistics model as well. Digital camera industry and scanner industry, which are sub-industries of 3C and peripheral equipment industry sectors, are selected to be case studies. First, the as-is logistics model is analyzed and, afterward, the to-be logistics model is proposed to incorporate collaborative manufacturing strategies. Further, the pros and cons of as-is and to-be models are compared to modify outsourcing logistic services and create new service models for global logistic opportunities.

關鍵詞：3C及週邊設備產業、兩岸分工製程、物流營運模式、物流服務

Keywords：3C and peripheral industry, Cross-strait collaborative manufacturing, Logistic business and operation model, Logistic service

前言
為了取得大陸之豐富資源、廉價人力成本與廣大市場等優勢，多數製造業廠商採用由台灣營運總部接單、大陸工廠製造之兩岸製程分工模式，在物流及生產成本的限制下，及時供應海外工廠的生產需求，以達最佳營運績效。由於製造產業範圍甚廣，本研究以3C及週邊設備產業為主要研究對象，因大陸當地供應的原料品質與交期不穩定，影響最終3C產品成品品質，廠商透過採用兩岸分工製程，於台灣製造零組件與半成品後，再供應大陸製造工廠進行最終組裝，以改善上述問題。本研究期望研擬出可行的物流營運模式，協助廠商擬定支援海外生產之物流策略，並探討在兩岸分工製程下之物流作業支援，及國內物流業者於可行營運模式下之服務利基，進一步帶動國內物流業者商機。