電動車輛動力系統零組件發展趨勢與廠商機會

摘要：因應節能減碳，新能源車輛與電動車輛是未來車輛發展焦點，無論是新能源車輛或電動車輛，汽車應用大量的電力電子元件，各項零組件對電動動力的要求更勝以往，即使傳統以機械為主的零組件，已發展到透過電子控制以求高效、精簡與輕量化的目的，電動化程度日益提升，部分零組件因應車輛電動化，須重新設計/開發以期符合需求，而對應車輛系統用電量增加，應用高效節能電力元件亦為車輛電動化零組件發展重點。

為追求電動車輛安全性、舒適性與便利性，車載電氣系統不斷地增加且更複雜化，特別是因應今後精簡化與創新設計，如小型化（downsized）引擎、高效率電動馬達、電控轉向系統、電動化底盤系統、電動車輛48 V電壓系統與線傳控制系統（x-by-wire）等、高性能化與提昇搭載自由度，電動化的需求將越來越殷切，電動車輛將衍生大量電動化動力系統零組件應用，為汽車零組件產業開創新一波商機。

Abstract: In response to carbon reduction, new energy vehicles and electric vehicles are the focus of future vehicle development, whether it is new energy vehicles or electric vehicles, automotive applications, increased usage of power electronic components in automobiles, or the rising standard of electric power components requirements. Even though traditional machinery based components have been developed in order to be efficiently controlled through electronics, for the purpose of streamlining and lightweighting and in response to vehicle electrification, some components had to be redesign or redeveloped to meet the demand. While corresponding vehicle system power consumption increases, the application of energy efficient electric vehicle electrical component also focus on the development of components.

In pursuit of electric vehicle safety, comfort and convenience, automotive electrical systems are constantly increasing and becoming more complex, especially in response to future streamlining and innovative design, such as small engine (downsized), high efficiency electric motors, electric steering systems, motorized chassis systems, electric vehicle 48-V voltage systems and by-wire control system (x-by-wire) and so on. With better performance and enhanced carrying freedom, electrification demand will continue increasing fervently, and electric vehicles will be derived from a large number of electric power system components and applications, and for the auto parts industry, this will open up a new wave of opportunities.

關鍵詞：動力系統、電動化、輕量化、自動啟閉系統

Keywords：Power Train, Electrification, Lightweight, Start/Stop

前言
電動車輛電動化零組件主要係因應環保議題，對於如何減少汽車燃油消耗而興起，無論是新能源車輛或是電動車輛，適度導入的電動化零組件或電力電子元件，都有助於提升汽車引擎運轉效率、減少油耗、減少零組件數量與或重量、創新零組件設計方式等，達成提升汽車功能與節約能源效益。

汽車零組件發展三大趨勢，即智慧化、電動化與輕量化，智慧化係指在汽車中導入大量感測器與影像辨識系統，讓車子本身能藉由這些電子零組件感應周遭環境的變化，進而做出智慧化分析與判斷，減輕駕駛負擔，電動化則是藉由大量的電動化零組件提高車子的運轉效率，進而減少能源耗損，而降低燃油消耗是全球車廠最重要的研發課題，達成手段之一是藉由傳統汽車零組件轉為電動化、改變電裝品輕量化、小型化，並提昇效率。

例如為節約能源，電動車輛搭配48-V電壓系統，設計自動啟閉系統（start & stop），設計整合式起動馬達與發電機（integrated starter & generator, ISG），同時藉由高電壓零組件設計，使搭配的零組件如IC半導體因此承受較低電流，可以降低成本，周邊附屬零組件得以簡單化，整合式啟動馬達與發電機可於怠速與煞車時做能量回充動作，有效減少能源消耗，本文擬就電動車輛動力系統零組件發展趨勢做簡要性敘述，提供廠商布局市場參考。