產業脈動｜台灣模具產業現況與3D列印新契機

摘要：模具產業可說是一個國家興衰的指標，若模具產業發達，表示該國的經濟根基穩固。台灣模具產業以中小企業為主，且北、中、南聚落明顯，其最終的應用產品則以3C電子、電機、半導體與汽車及相關零組件產業為主，且在塑膠模具與沖壓模具上，台灣廠商已具備高品質與成熟技術，成為國際一流大廠。2014年台灣產值為581億新台幣，已回復金融海嘯前之水準，進口值為49.5億新台幣，出口值達209.6億新台幣，為近五年新高，出口比例為36.1%，表面需求為423億新台幣，進口依存度11.7%。

3D列印近年來應用逐漸廣泛，小至民生用品大至航太零件，均可由3D列印製作出來，且所耗費的時間為傳統的十分之一，且能快速回應市場，彈性生產，因此越來越受到企業重視，尤其是台灣模具產業以中小企業為主，少量多樣的特性讓3D列印技術得以發揮，但3D列印對模具產業來說是股新勢力的威脅還是新的創新契機，將會藉由本篇文章與讀者一同解析。

Abstract: The die and mold industry is a potential indicator of a nation’s prosperity. If the die and mold industry is well developed, it means that the nation has a sound and solid economic foundation. The die and mold industry in Taiwan is mostly comprised of middle and small-sized enterprises, which form clusters in northern, central and southern Taiwan and whose final application products are chiefly 3C electronics, electrical machines, semiconductors, automobiles and related components. Meanwhile, Taiwanese manufacturers have already possessed high quality and mature technology in terms of plastic mold and stamping die and play a leading role in the international market. The output value in Taiwan was 58.1 billion NTD in 2014, which had returned to the level before the financial crisis, while the import value was 4.95 billion NTD and the output value reached 20.96 billion NTD, which came to a new peak in the recent five years. The export proportion was 36.1%, with the apparent demand being 41.45 billion NTD and the ratio of dependence on import 11.7%.

The application of 3D are printing applications increasing in recent years, from consumer goods to aerospace parts, can be produced by a 3D printing considering advantages of 3D printing, including time-saving, respond quickly to market and flexible production. Therefore, many enterprises in Taiwan, especially small and medium mold enterprises, have evaluated whether 3D printing technology can be used for small production or for widely varying production. This study explored whether or not 3-D printing is a threat to the mold industry.

關鍵詞：模具、3D列印、模具產業

Keywords：Dies and Molds, 3D Printing, Dies Industry

前言
模具一直被稱為工業之母，當要將產品實現大批量生產，必須透過模具才能完成，也才能達到真正的經濟規模。近年來，台灣模具受到全球景氣復甦，出口已達到近五年的新高，產值也不斷向上提升，讓我們不得不好奇他的驅動力是哪些終端應用產品甚至是那些國家帶動的，因此本篇就要探討台灣目前模具產業的特性、群聚以及進出口貿易，來了解台灣模具產業真正的形貌，同時也針對目前討論熱烈之3D列印議題做進一步的解析，並探討其對於台灣模具產業所帶來的影響。